The Taliban, after the original deadline had expired, and coinciding with the troop withdrawal, launched a broad offensive throughout the summer in which they captured most of Afghanistan, finally taking Kabul on 15 August 2021. The target US withdrawal date was extended to 31 August.
The Afghan government was not a party to the deal and rejected its terms regarding release of prisoners. The Taliban, in return, pledged to prevent any group in the territory of Afghanistan from attacking the US and its allies in the future. These efforts culminated in February 2020, when the United States and the Taliban signed a conditional peace deal in Doha which required that US troops withdraw by April 2021. Unable to eliminate the Taliban through military means, coalition forces and separately the government of president Ashraf Ghani turned to diplomacy to end the conflict.
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On 28 December 2014, NATO formally ended ISAF combat operations in Afghanistan and officially transferred full security responsibility to the Afghan government. įollowing the killing of Osama bin Laden in 2011 (the original casus belli), leaders of the NATO alliance commenced an exit strategy for withdrawing their forces. ISAF responded by massively increasing troops for counter-insurgency operations to " clear and hold" villages, reaching its peak in 2011 when roughly 140,000 foreign troops operated under ISAF and US command in Afghanistan. Violence eventually escalated to a point where large parts of Afghanistan had been retaken by the Taliban by 2007. Insurgents from the Taliban and other groups waged asymmetric warfare with guerrilla raids and ambushes in the countryside, suicide attacks against urban targets, turncoat killings against coalition forces and reprisals against perceived collaborators. The Taliban reorganized under Mullah Omar and in 2003 launched an insurgency against the new Afghan government.
A rebuilding effort across the country was also made following the expulsion of the Taliban. At the Bonn Conference, new Afghan interim authorities (mostly from the Northern Alliance) elected Hamid Karzai to head the Afghan Interim Administration. Despite failing to find bin Laden after his escape to Pakistan, the US and a coalition of over 40 countries (including all NATO members) remained in the country and formed a UN sanctioned security mission called International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) to consolidate a new democratic authority in the country and prevent the return of the Taliban and al-Qaeda to power. The Taliban's refusal to do so led to the invasion of the country the Taliban and their al-Qaeda allies were mostly defeated and expelled from major population centers by US-led forces and the Northern Alliance. Bush demanded that the Taliban, then- de facto ruling Afghanistan, extradite Osama bin Laden, the mastermind of the attacks and who was, until then, freely operating within the country. It was the longest war in United States history, surpassing the Vietnam War (1955–1975) by approximately five months.įollowing the September 11 attacks in 2001, then- US President George W. The war ended with the Taliban regaining power after a 19 years and 10 months-long insurgency against allied NATO and Afghan Armed Forces. It began when the United States and its allies invaded Afghanistan and toppled the Taliban-ruled Islamic Emirate. The War in Afghanistan was a conflict that took place from 2001 to 2021 in the South Asian country of Afghanistan. High Council of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan: 3,000–3,500